Atherosclerosis and Vascular Calcification

Investigators : Thibaut Quillard, Sarah Beck, Laurent Beck, Blandine Maurel, Olivier Espitia
PhD students : Tom Le Corvec, Marie Guicheteau, Nathan Chaté, Marc Rio
Support staff : Marie-Aude Cheminant

Atherosclerosis and its complications remain the main cause of death worldwide. The clinical outcomes of atherosclerotic lesions (myocardial infarcts, stroke, acute ischemia of the limbs…) directly depend on their composition.

• In our group, we aim to better understand the physiopathology of atherosclerotic plaques formation and development. Atherosclerotic plaques can present various compositions. Such differences are often found between arterial beds, notably with carotid arteries developing typically lipid-rich and inflamed lesions, while femoral arteries mostly associate with fibrous and heavily calcified lesions. Because vascular cells (endothelial and smooth muscle cells) from these anatomical locations have specific transcriptomic signatures and identities, we will investigate how cardiovascular risk factor affect carotid and femoral vascular cell phenotypes and responses, and how this further translates into differential plaque development. Identification of molecular determinants implicated in these responses will help better understand atherosclerosis development, and will provide with novel therapeutic strategies based on lesion composition and localization. Our work will also study how hemodynamics impacts vascular cells phenotype, as carotid and femoral arteries are also exposed to specific blood flow dynamics.

• Calcification of atherosclerotic lesions is an independent predictive factor for cardiovascular complications and death, by affecting locally plaque stability, thrombus formation, endovascular treatment success, and more globally by greatly impacting vascular rigidity and vascular blood system resistance. In chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia triggers calcification of the arterial wall which contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. There is still no treatment targeting this pathological process of vascular calcification in those two diseases, partly because the mechanisms underlying their formation and development are still poorly characterized. Thanks to our human biocollection of human atherosclerotic lesions and healthy arteries, and novel murine experimental models, we aim to identify new molecular players regulating this process and better understand the role(s) of the PiT1/SLC20A1 and PiT2/SLC20A2 proteins. These two proteins are at the crossroad of mineralization and metabolism, a role that we previously illustrated in investigating the relationship between skeleton, bone vessels and bone marrow adiposity. Deeper analysis of their involvement in adipose tissue (energy metabolism and thermogenesis) is currently ongoing through a collaborative work with Xavier Prieur (team IV).

• Primary Familial Brain Calcification (PFBC) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by calcium-phosphate (Ca-Pi) deposits primarily in mural cells (MC) of brain micro-vessels, and associated with neuropsychiatric and motor disorders. So far, six genes have been associated to PFBC, and 2 of them - SLC20A2 and XPR1 - encode Pi transporters. We aim to characterize the role of brain MC in PFBC by using relevant mouse models and cutting-edge-technology of transcriptomics.

Learn more about our projects

• ANR PARKA : Laurent Beck (2021-2025)
• SFD PiTATHER : Sarah Beck-Cormier (2023-2025)
• FRM : Sarah Beck-Cormier (2024-2027)

• Agence Nationale de la Recherche
• Fondation de l'Avenir
• Fondation Maladie Rare
• Fondation Recherche Médicale
• Genavie
• Société française de cardiologie
• Société Francophone du Diabète
• Société de Chirurgie Vasculaire et Endovasculaire de Langue Française